Research on Path Planning for Fire Evacuation Using the Enhanced Hiking Optimization Algorithm.

To address the key challenges in fire evacuation path planning, such as the tendency to converge to local optima, unbalanced computational efficiency, and suboptimal path quality, this study proposes the enhanced Hiking Optimization Algorithm of Differentiated Weighted Dynamic (WDHOA). The WDHOA integrates a three-phase cooperative framework, incorporating dynamic grouping, hybrid search, and angle generation. Comprehensive evaluations on the CEC 2017 and CEC 2022 benchmark suites demonstrate that WDHOA significantly outperforms eight widely used algorithms, such as LSHADE, RIME, SCA in convergence accuracy, stability, and robustness, especially for high-dimensional and multimodal functions. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and Friedman tests confirm statistical significance across most functions. Ablation experiment further verifies the effectiveness of the three enhanced strategies. When applied to fire evacuation path planning, WDHOA achieves the best solutions while satisfying all nonlinear constraints. These experiments confirm that WDHOA effectively balance optimization accuracy and practical applicability in fire evacuation path planning problems.