ArticleBiomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Three-Dimensional Printing Biomimetic Ceramic Composites Inspired by the Desert Scorpion with Excellent Erosion Wear Resistance.
Article in Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Inspired by the erosion-resistant dorsal armor of the desert scorpion, this study developed biomimetic ZTA ceramic composites with enhanced resistance to solid particle erosion. Three biomimetic configurations, namely convex-bump (CH-O), convex-curved-surface (CH-CS), and convex hybrid rigid-flexible (CH-HS) structures, were fabricated by direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing. Their erosion performance was evaluated by gas-solid two-phase erosion tests at impact angles ranging from 15° to 90°, and the underlying mechanisms were elucidated through erosion morphology analysis, actual impact angle analysis, and stress-wave propagation analysis. The results showed that the erosion rate of all samples first increased and then decreased with increasing impact angle, reaching a maximum at around 60°. Compared with the smooth control sample, CH-O exhibited lower erosion resistance under low-angle erosion conditions but showed clear improvement under high-angle erosion conditions, with the erosion resistance increased by 18.39-32.54%. CH-CS further improved the erosion resistance of CH-O, with enhancements of 14.31-53.92% at low impact angles and 24.57-35.17% at high impact angles. Among all the biomimetic designs, CH-HS exhibited the best overall erosion resistance, showing an additional improvement of 9.22-32.16% over CH-CS across the tested impact angle range. The superior erosion resistance was attributed to the synergistic effects of convex-bump morphology, curved-surface-induced particle deflection, and rigid-flexible coupling. These biomimetic features modified the actual impact angle of the particles, deflected their trajectories, reduced direct particle impact, and generated a shadow effect, while the flexible layer dissipated impact energy through reflection unloading at the rigid-flexible interface. This study provides a novel strategy for the biomimetic design of erosion-resistant ceramic composites and offers new insights into mitigating erosion damage in ceramic-based mechanical components.
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