ArticleBiosensors2026
A Programmable and Portable Electromagnetic Microfluidic Platform for Droplet Manipulation.
Article in Biosensors, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Droplet manipulation constitutes a fundamental operation in numerous bio-microfluidic applications, including but not limited to medical diagnostics and targeted drug delivery. Among the various technologies developed for this purpose, magnetic digital microfluidics (MDMF) has emerged as a compelling approach due to its inherent advantages of contamination-free actuation, low cost, and configurational flexibility. Nevertheless, conventional MDMF remains constrained by its reliance on bulky instrumentation and substantial power consumption for generating controllable magnetic fields, which limit its in-field applications. To address these limitations, this work presents a programmable and portable electromagnetic microfluidic droplet manipulation platform that synergistically integrates static and dynamic magnetic fields to enable non-contact, high-precision droplet control under ultra-low power conditions. The proposed system comprises an electromagnetic actuation module, a permanent magnet, and a glass substrate coated with Teflon film. The entire system is secured by a PMMA support structure, within which a glass substrate is mounted and spatially separated from the permanent magnet. The PMMA support is fabricated using a milling process, offering a simple manufacturing procedure and high structural reusability and reproducibility. The control logic is implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) development board, facilitating fully autonomous operation powered by a standard battery. The platform operates at a low voltage of 3.5 V and a driving current of 180 mA, corresponding to a total power consumption of merely 0.63 W, while achieving robust manipulation of droplets in the volume range of 0.5 to 5 μL. A maximum average droplet velocity of up to 0.6 cm/s was attained under optimal conditions. The proposed platform offers a scalable and energy-efficient solution for portable droplet-based assays and holds significant promise for integration into point-of-care diagnostic tools and field-ready biochemical analysis systems. The platform demonstrates excellent operational stability and reproducibility, as validated by repeated actuation experiments with a positioning deviation of approximately 0.1 mm under optimized conditions. The fabrication process also exhibits high reliability with consistent performance across multiple experimental runs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.