ArticleJournal of microbiology & biology education2026
Making hand hygiene visible: a simple laboratory exercise using soil to demonstrate spore-forming bacteria control.
Article in Journal of microbiology & biology education, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Spore-forming bacteria are widely distributed in the environment and present a major challenge in healthcare settings due to their resistance to alcohol-based disinfectants. Understanding this resistance is essential for infection control education, especially in medical fields. Here, we propose a simple, low-cost laboratory exercise that combines hand hygiene training with a visual demonstration of microbial persistence using soil as a source of spore-forming bacteria. In this exercise, students imprint their hands on agar plates under three conditions: unwashed, soap-washed, and alcohol-disinfected. After 48 h of incubation, the plates reveal clear differences in microbial growth, highlighting the limited efficacy of alcohol-based sanitizers against spores. Gram staining of colonies provides presumptive evidence of the presence of spore-forming bacteria. This exercise addresses a common misconception among healthcare trainees-that alcohol sanitizers provide complete protection-and emphasizes the importance of proper handwashing with soap and water. Its simplicity, safety, and strong visual impact make it an effective and adaptable tool for microbiology education and healthcare professional training.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.