ArticleFrontiers in plant science2026
Dynamic regulation of secondary metabolites and agarwood aroma compounds in
Article in Frontiers in plant science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Agarwood, a valuable aromatic resin from Methods: We employed a sterile Results: We identified 14,784 metabolites, including 118 agarwood-characteristic sesquiterpene skeletons and 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromones (PECs). Three core biosynthetic pathways-flavonoid, phenylpropanoid, and terpenoid-converge through shared precursors (acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA) and branch-point enzymes (CHS, TPS, PKS), orchestrated by jasmonic acid (JA)-like signals. The metabolic trajectory exhibited a triphasic pattern: nutrient mobilization (0-7d), biosynthetic burst with peak sesquiterpene/chromone accumulation at day 14, and defensive restructuring (21-28d) with P450-mediated modifications. Quantitative correlation analysis revealed significant negative relationships (|r| ≈ 0.63-0.74, FDR<0.05) between precursor depletion and agarwood compound synthesis. Volatile profiling identified 116 compounds, with aromatic compounds (42) and sesquiterpenes (5) as key odorants, accumulating in stage-specific patterns aligned with precursor flux redirection. Conclusion: This study establishes a "precursor pool-pathway convergence-temporal programming" framework for fungal agarwood biogenesis. The integrated multi-omics approach quantitatively links substrate consumption to product synthesis. It provides actionable guidance for optimized bioproduction: segmented harvesting (sesquiterpenes at 7-14d, chromones avoiding the day-21 energy trough), JA-signal priming in the early phase, and P450-enhancement strategies in the late phase for structural diversification. These findings advance mechanistic understanding and enable scalable, quality-controlled agarwood biomanufacturing.
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