ArticleTranslational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine2026
Hormone Fluctuations, Dietary Intake, and Daily Activity in Premenopausal Women: An 8-Week Observational Study.
Article in Translational journal of the American College of Sports Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Female reproductive hormonal fluctuations may be influenced by lifestyle behaviors such as diet, physical activity (PA), and sleep. However, little is known about these interactions over time or how they may differ between naturally menstruating (NM) and hormonal contraceptive (HC) women. This 8-wk observational study examined relationships between hormone levels and dietary intake, PA, exercise, and sleep quality, and explored differences by menstrual cycle phase and contraceptive status. Methods: Sixteen premenopausal women (NM = 9, HC = 7; age: 21.2 ± 2.8) completed weekly serum blood draws, 24-h dietary recalls, Simple PA Questionnaire, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire. Body composition was measured at baseline. Results: In HC participants, leptin was positively associated with dietary fat ( Conclusion: Dietary intake was more strongly linked to hormone levels in NM than HC participants. Self-reported activity and sleep quality appeared consistent across the study, suggesting limited behavior fluctuations across the menstrual cycle.
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