ArticleExploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy2026
Language-related self-efficacy of pharmacy staff in providing medication counselling to older adults in a linguistically diverse setting.
Article in Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Effective verbal medication counselling is crucial for patients' understanding, medication adherence, and treatment outcomes. In linguistically diverse populations, language barriers can pose a significant challenge, when older patients prefer to receive information in languages other than English. Objective: To assess pharmacy staff's self-efficacy in providing medication counselling to older adults in Singapore's four official languages (English, Mandarin [Chinese], Malay and Tamil) and other Chinese dialects. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 121 pharmacy staff working in public primary care clinics. Respondents reported the languages or dialects they used when counselling older patients (aged 60 and above) and completed a six-item self-efficacy scale (1-5, higher scores indicate greater self-efficacy) for each language or dialect, covering aspects of greeting patients, explaining medication information and explaining serious health risks. Results: Mean (± standard deviation) self-efficacy scores were 4.5 ± 0.6 for English, 3.7 ± 1.0 for Mandarin, 3.4 ± 1.3 for Malay, 4.5 ± 0.9 for Tamil, and between 3.0 and 3.1 (±0.9-1.0) for other Chinese dialects. Across all languages or dialects, the least self-efficacy was in explaining serious health risks. Conclusion: Pharmacy staff exhibited lower self-efficacy counselling in official languages other than English and in other Chinese dialects, highlighting a potential care gap. The findings underscore the need for targeted language support for pharmacy staff to enhance communication among ageing, multilingual populations, such as in Singapore.
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