ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Antimicrobial resistance knowledge and practices among animal drug vendors in Kano State, Nigeria.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical One Health challenge, with limited data on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of informal veterinary drug vendors in Nigeria. This study assessed AMR-related knowledge, attitudes, and dispensing practices and their associated factors among registered animal drug vendors in Kano State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey in December 2024 recruited 133 registered animal drug vendors using a semi-structured questionnaire to collect demographic data and AMR-related knowledge, attitudes, and dispensing practices. One respondent with substantial missing responses was excluded during data cleaning, yielding an analytic sample of 132. KAP levels were classified using a ≥70% cutoff. Data were analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression in R, reporting adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Respondents were predominantly male (99%), urban-based (98.4%), and aged 30-39 years (51.2%), with a mean age of 34.8 years. Adequate knowledge, positive attitudes, and good dispensing practices were reported by 34.8%, 65.2%, and 23.5% of vendors, respectively ( Conclusion: AMR knowledge and, in particular, appropriate dispensing practices remain low among animal drug vendors in Kano State, despite generally positive attitudes. These findings highlight the need for targeted, context-appropriate AMR awareness and stewardship sensitization interventions that strengthen vendor knowledge, reinforce responsible dispensing practices, and support informed decision-making at the point of antimicrobial access, thereby reducing resistance risks at the human-animal interface.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.