ArticleInternational journal of ophthalmology2026
Nuclear translocation of pyruvate kinase M2 drives high glucose-induced angiogenesis in retinal endothelial cells
Article in International journal of ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
aimTo investigate the role of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in high glucose (HG)-stimulated retinal endothelial cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways in retinal angiogenesis.
methodsHuman retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were cultured and divided into the following groups: normal glucose (NG, 5.5 mmol/L), HG (30 mmol/L), HG with PKM2 knockdown (HG+shPKM2), and HG treated with the pharmacological activator TEPP-46 (HG+TEPP-46). Cellular viability, proliferation, migration, and tube-forming ability were assessed using CCK-8, EdU, wound healing/Transwell, and Matrigel assays, respectively. The expression levels of PKM2, phosphorylated PKM2 (p-PKM2, Y105), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) were detected by Western blotting. The oligomerization status of PKM2 was analyzed
resultsUnder HG stimulation, the expression level of PKM2 was significantly increased (
conclusionHG influences retinal endothelial cell function by inducing PKM2 phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation. The shift in PKM2 phosphorylation and oligomerization status represents a key mechanism through which TEPP-46 reverses HG-induced angiogenesis.
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