ArticleFood science & nutrition2026
Phytobiotic Essential Oils as Antibiotic Alternatives in Aquaculture: Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties of Garlic, Thyme, Thyme Conehead, Rosemary, and Eucalyptus.
Article in Food science & nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture demands sustainable alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Plant-derived essential oils are attractive candidates owing to their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activities, yet their volatility and chemical instability hinder incorporation into aquafeeds. This study integrated chemical profiling, bioactivity assessment, and spray-drying microencapsulation to evaluate five Eos, garlic, thyme, conehead thyme, rosemary, and eucalyptus, as functional feed additives (illustrated in the Graphical abstract below). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed distinct chemotypes: garlic oil was rich in propyl propane thiosulfonate (30.3%); thyme oil in thymol (35.1%) and p-cymene (31.6%); conehead thyme oil in carvacrol (19.9%); rosemary oil in eucalyptol (43.0%); and eucalyptus oil in eucalyptol (68.9%). Antioxidant capacity varied markedly, with conehead thyme (34.7 μmol/mL) and garlic (17.8 μmol/mL) outperforming thyme (12.7 μmol/mL), while rosemary (0.79 μmol/mL) and eucalyptus (0.32 μmol/mL) were weak. Antimicrobial testing showed potent activity for garlic and both thyme oils against
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