Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42039445›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

Slow Dissociation of Nitazenes from the

Joseph Clayton, Laura B Kozell, Amy J Eshleman, Shelley H Bloom, William E Schutzer, Atheir I Abbas, Lidiya Stavitskaya, Jana Shen

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Joseph ClaytonDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, U.S.A.ORCID 0000-0002-2652-5994
Laura B KozellVA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon 97239, U.S.A.ORCID 0000-0003-3059-2046
Amy J EshlemanVA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon 97239, U.S.A.ORCID 0000-0001-7030-557X
Shelley H BloomVA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon 97239, U.S.A.ORCID 0009-0001-1980-7950
William E SchutzerVA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon 97239, U.S.A.ORCID 0000-0003-1970-8845
Atheir I AbbasVA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon 97239, U.S.A.ORCID 0000-0002-7080-3509
Lidiya StavitskayaDivision of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation, and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, U.S.A.ORCID 0000-0002-6307-2314
Jana ShenDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, U.S.A.ORCID 0000-0002-3234-0769

Funding

Molecular mechanisms of proton-coupled dynamic processes in biologyR35GM148261 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI Jana Shen · 2023 to 2026
$1.5M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM148261
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nitazenes are driving a wave of overdose deaths in the United States and Europe and often require additional doses of naloxone to reverse. To understand the molecular basis, we conducted a joint experimental and simulation study of three common nitazenes, eto-, etodes-, and protonitazene. Radioligand experiments demonstrated that all three nitazenes display higher receptor affinity and longer dissociation half-lives than fentanyl. Notably, protonitazene dissociates slower than carfentanil and its displacement requires fourfold higher antagonist concentrations. The observed trend in nitazene half-lives is recapitulated by molecular dynamics simulations, which suggest that kinetics is controlled by specific interactions with two receptor subpockets. A newly published cryo-EM structure of fluetonitazene-

Indexed as

Binding kinetics of opioidsDrug overdose reversalMolecular dynamicsNitazenesOpioid receptor

Identifiers

PMID42039445
PMCPMC13104949

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.