ArticleIranian journal of medical sciences2026
Emerging Resistance of Filamentous Bacteria in the Oral Cavity of HIV-Positive Patients in Tehran, Iran.
Article in Iranian journal of medical sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: In general, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) weakens the immune system, making patients prone to oral infections such as gum and dental diseases. Filamentous bacteria (actinomycetes) can multiply in these patients, leading to treatment-resistant infections. Routine antimicrobial drugs such as penicillin G, amoxicillin, and tetracycline are widely used for treatment. However, antibiotic resistance is rapidly increasing worldwide. Therefore, the major target of the present study was to assess the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of filamentous bacteria in the oral cavity of HIV-positive patients in Tehran, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, oral swabs were collected from 205 HIV-positive patients in an academic behavioral disease clinic, Tehran, Iran, and immediately transported to the laboratory under cold chain conditions. Bacterial cultures were prepared on differentiate media, and primary identification was carried out using biochemical and microscopic assays. Furthermore, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction was carried out for molecular identification of the bacterial isolates using 16S rRNA (ribosomal ribonucleic acid) sequencing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was assessed using the disk diffusion method for selected antimicrobials. Results: In general, filamentous bacteria were identified in 5.3% of HIV-positive patients, including Conclusion: In conclusion, filamentous bacteria such as
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