ArticleSmart molecules : open access2026
Incorporating crystalline smart materials to fabricate 4D printed photomechanical actuators with photovoltaic performance.
Article in Smart molecules : open access, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Polymeric nanocarriers for subcellular targeting in photodynamic therapy.Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2026Review
- A Bioinspired Cellulosic Elastomer with Ultrahigh Robustness Enabled by Structure-Induced Reconstruction for Impact Protection.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
Fabricating macroscale smart actuators that can convert light energy into other forms of energy, especially mechanical and electrical energy, is of great significance. Herein, a simple and efficient 4D printed method for fabricating photomechanical actuators based on micro/nano-scale crystals is developed. The high versatility and generality of this method are successfully demonstrated using nine different types of photoresponsive crystalline actuators, including acylhydrazone-, anthracene-, olefin-, and azobenzene-based molecular crystals and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). The low-cost neutral silicone sealant elastomer is first chosen as the photomechanical 4D printing matrix. Notably, these actuators can be used to perform bionic motions (the first windmills spin using crystalline material, dragonflies fly, and sunflowers bloom) under the stimulation of visible light and can realize energy conversion from mechanical energy into electricity when coupled with a piezoelectric membrane. This work provides new insights into the design and manufacturing of smart photomechanical actuators and electricity generators and expands the application scope of COFs.
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