ReviewGalen medical journal2025
Biological Interplay between Orthodontic Forces and Apical Papilla-derived Stem Cells: A Review on Mechanisms and Implications :.
Review in Galen medical journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Orthodontics is not limited to the movement of teeth, but has also expanded to the cellular and molecular realms. In this study, it was aimed to review mechanisms and implications of biological interplay between orthodontic forces and apical papilla-derived stem cells. Materials and Methods: This narrative and semi-systematic review investigates the biological interactions between orthodontic forces and stem cells derived from the apical papilla (SCAPs). A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using specific keywords and MeSH terms from 2015 to 2025. Studies in English and Persian were included if they focused on the effects of orthodontic forces on SCAPs' function, differentiation, or signaling pathways. Key biological mechanisms and molecular responses were extracted and analyzed. Results: Between 2015 and 2025, 10 studies were included, primarily investigating human dental stem cells (SCAPs, DPCs, PDLSCs, SHEDs) and rat models. Findings showed that advanced glycation end-products inhibit osteogenesis via KDM6B and Wnt/β-catenin suppression, whereas Ape1 inhibition promotes odontogenic differentiation through the same pathway. Nano-dentine enhanced osteogenic gene expression compared to MTA and Biodentine, and low-energy blue LED stimulated osteogenic differentiation despite reduced proliferation. TGF-β1 had dose-dependent effects on SCAP proliferation and differentiation, while FTO/SMOC2 regulated odontoblastic differentiation under inflammatory conditions. Mechanical forces reduced SHED proliferation without affecting apoptosis, and pathogenic bacteria like F. nucleatum and E. faecalis impaired SCAP proliferation, viability, and osteogenic gene expression, indicating that molecular, material, mechanical, and microbial factors critically modulate dental stem cell differentiation. Conclusion: Current evidence shows that various physical, chemical, microbial, and molecular factors influence dental stem cell behavior. Understanding these mechanisms can support the development of personalized therapies, enhancing outcomes in endodontic and orthodontic treatments, particularly under pathological conditions like diabetes and chronic inflammation.
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Registered trials
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