Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42038086›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2026

Measuring daily time experience: development and validation of the Seven-Dimensional Time Quality of Life Scale.

Bowen Xue, Yuetan Liu, Xiaoying Jiang, Zhe Ni, Xiaohua Sun, Hong Luo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Bowen XueAffiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Yuetan LiuAffiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Xiaoying JiangAffiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Zhe NiAffiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Xiaohua SunAffiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Hong LuoAffiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Mental health assessment has traditionally relied on symptom-based measures of depression and anxiety. Although widely used, such measures may overlook individuals' everyday experiences and lifestyle contexts that are closely related to psychological well-being. Grounded in the Seven-Dimensional Time Theory (SDTT), the present study aimed to develop and validate the Seven-Dimensional Time Quality of Life Scale (SDT-QoLS) to assess the overall quality of daily time experience. Methods: Using a convenience sampling approach, participants aged 12-65 years were recruited from a psychiatric outpatient setting. Scale items were generated through literature review, qualitative interviews, and expert evaluation. A total of 608 valid questionnaires were included in the analyses. The sample was randomly divided into two subsamples for exploratory factor analysis (EFA; n = 304) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 304). Factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity were examined. Results: EFA supported a unidimensional structure of the SDT-QoLS, accounting for 58.90% of the common variance. CFA indicated an acceptable model fit. The scale demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.906). SDT-QoLS scores were positively associated with mental well-being and negatively associated with depression, anxiety, and general psychological distress. Conclusion: The SDT-QoLS provides a brief and psychometrically sound measure of subjective daily time quality. By focusing on everyday time experience rather than psychological symptoms, the scale may complement existing mental health assessments and support research and practice in mental health promotion.

Indexed as

daily time experiencemental well-beingscale developmenttime qualityvalidation

Identifiers

PMID42038086
PMCPMC13106355

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