ArticleCureus2026
Hypertension as the Leading Cause of Stroke in Young Adults in a Northern Nigerian Hospital: A Retrospective Study.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimStroke is traditionally considered a disease of older adults; however, its incidence among young adults aged 18-45 years is increasing globally. In sub-Saharan Africa, stroke burden remains high, yet data on its risk factors in young adults are limited. This study aimed to identify and determine the predominant risk factors for stroke among young adults in Northern Nigeria.
methodsA hospital-based retrospective study was conducted at Federal Teaching Hospital Katsina. Medical records of patients aged 18-45 years with brain imaging-confirmed stroke from January 2023 to December 2025 were reviewed. Demographic and clinical data, including stroke subtype and risk factors, were extracted. Descriptive statistics summarized the distribution of risk factors and stroke subtypes. Age differences between stroke types were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, and associations between risk factors and stroke subtype were assessed using Fisher's exact test.
resultsA total of 36 young adults met the inclusion criteria. Females accounted for 21 (58.3%) cases, while males accounted for 15 (41.7%) cases. The mean age was 40.5±4.7 years for males and 35.3±7.7 years for females. Ischemic stroke was the predominant subtype, 25 (69.4%), with hemorrhagic stroke accounting for 11 (30.6%) cases. Hypertension was the most common risk factor, occurring in 19 (52.8%) cases and being more frequent in females than in males. Other risk factors included cardiac disease in three (8.3%) cases, diabetes mellitus in three (8.3%) cases, smoking in three (8.3%) cases, HIV infection in two (5.6%) cases, and illicit drug use in two (5.6%) cases. Most risk factors were restricted to one stroke subtype. No significant associations were found between individual risk factors and stroke subtypes (all p>0.05), likely due to the small sample size.
conclusionHypertension is the predominant and clinically significant risk factor for stroke among young adults in Northern Nigeria, with ischemic stroke being the most common subtype. The predominance of modifiable risk factors underscores the need for early detection, routine blood pressure screening, lifestyle modification, and public health interventions targeting young adults. Larger multicenter studies are warranted to further characterize stroke epidemiology and guide preventive strategies in sub-Saharan Africa.
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