Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42037346›Full record

ArticleSheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi2026

[Ethical risks and regulatory considerations in neurofeedback technology].

Yuhang Xue, Zhihao Li, Fan Wang, Lei Zhao, Tianwen Li, Anmin Gong, Wenya Nan, Yunfa Fu

Abstract readEnglish Abstract
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. [Analysis of the constraints of inherent limitations on the capability boundaries of brain-computer interfaces and corresponding strategies].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yuhang XueFaculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
Zhihao LiFaculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
Fan WangFaculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
Lei ZhaoBrain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Innovation Team, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
Tianwen LiBrain Cognition and Brain-Computer Intelligence Integration Innovation Team, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.
Anmin GongSchool of Information Engineering, Engineering University of PAP, Xi'an 710000, P. R. China.
Wenya NanSchool of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China.
Yunfa FuFaculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, P. R. China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neurofeedback transforms real-time brain activity features into multimodal feedback to guide self-regulation of brain function, showing potential applications in neuropsychiatric treatment and cognitive enhancement. However, its use entails ethical risks including cognitive autonomy, personal identity integrity, safety and efficacy, privacy protection, and the safeguarding of vulnerable populations, with informed consent challenges being particularly pronounced in implicit neurofeedback. Based on these risks, this paper proposes establishing an ethical evaluation framework for neurofeedback, promoting ethics-embedded design, and strengthening international cooperation and public education, emphasizing responsible innovation to align technological development with ethical safeguards.

Indexed as

NeurofeedbackBrainHumansInformed ConsentAutonomy and privacyEthical normsEthical risksInformed consentNeurofeedback

Identifiers

PMID42037346
PMCPMC13112230

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.