ArticleThe International journal of social psychiatry2026
Childhood Trauma and Hikikomori in Social Anxiety Disorder: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Distortions.
Article in The International journal of social psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundSocial Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and hikikomori share characteristics of social withdrawal. While childhood trauma is a known risk factor for both conditions, the specific mechanisms linking early trauma to hikikomori through cognitive pathways remain unclear.
aimsThis study aimed to compare childhood trauma, cognitive distortions, and hikikomori levels in individuals with and without SAD and to examine the mediating role of cognitive distortions in the relationship between childhood trauma and hikikomori.
methodsA total of 171 participants were included in the study: 78 patients with SAD and 93 healthy controls (HCs). All participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28), Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS), and 25-item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ-25). Group comparisons were performed using
resultsThe SAD group had significantly higher CTQ-28, CDS, and HQ-25 scores than the HCs group (
conclusionsOur findings suggest that childhood trauma is associated with greater hikikomori symptoms, both directly and through the mediating effect of cognitive distortions. Therefore, cognitive distortions may be a potential intervention target for socially withdrawn individuals with a history of childhood trauma.
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