SynthesisNeurologia medico-chirurgica2026
Risk of Cognitive Decline in Professional Soccer Players after Repetitive Subconcussive Impacts: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Neurologia medico-chirurgica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Repetitive soccer heading has been implicated as a potential source of cumulative subconcussive brain injury, yet the magnitude and consistency of its cognitive effects remain incompletely defined. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify global and domain-specific cognitive outcomes associated with repetitive heading exposure. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through December 2025. Of 2,846 identified records, 46 studies met the inclusion criteria, and 28 provided standardized cognitive data suitable for quantitative synthesis. Effect sizes (Hedges g, Fisher z) were transformed into log odds ratios and pooled using DerSimonian-Laird random-effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed using Q, I
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.