ArticleNeurologia medico-chirurgica2026
Detailed Examination of the Sulci and Gyri Surrounding Broca's Area: A Comparative Morphological Study of Japanese and North American Populations.
Article in Neurologia medico-chirurgica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The inferior frontal cortex (IFC), which includes Broca's area, is a frequent target in neurosurgical procedures, yet its sulcal landmarks remain under-characterized across populations. We evaluated 7 IFC sulci-the inferior precentral sulcus (prcs-i), inferior frontal sulcus (ifs), triangular sulcus (ts), diagonal sulcus (ds), pretriangular sulcus (prts), and the ascending (aaLF) and horizontal (haLF) anterior rami of the lateral fissure-using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 40 Japanese and 40 North American White adults, supplemented by 9 cadaveric hemispheres. Sulci were manually labeled in FreeSurfer, quantified for surface area and depth, and analyzed for interhemispheric and inter-racial differences. Maximum probability maps (MPMs) were projected against meta-analytic functional MRI maps to evaluate structure-function relationships. The prcs-i and haLF were universally present, whereas the ds showed the lowest incidence (≈55%-60% left, ≈75% right), with variability across studies partly explained by misclassification with the aaLF. The prts was also infrequent and highly variable, whereas the ts, although structurally diverse, was nearly universal. Quantitative analyses confirmed the aaLF was significantly deeper than the ds (p < 0.0001), providing an objective criterion for differentiation. Functionally, high-frequency sulci (aaLF, haLF, ifs, prcs-i, ts) aligned with reliable activation patterns for verbal fluency, semantics, and syntax, whereas the ds frequently coincided with hotspots despite inconsistent presence. These findings can offer anatomical insights that may guide future clinical research on the frontal language area.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.