Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42035485›Full record

ArticleVirulence2026

Novel Taiwan-I-type infectious bronchitis virus: First evidence of testicular atrophy and efficacious protection with strain-matched oil-emulsified inactivated vaccine.

Taoni Zhang, Yangziyu Xie, Chuanrui Yang, Ming Guan, Cheng Lu, Zixue Lin, Jiening Li, Jinlong Dai, Chengyu Zhang, Riwang Yang and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Virulence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Taoni ZhangCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Yangziyu XieCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Chuanrui YangCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Ming GuanCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Cheng LuCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Zixue LinCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Jiening LiCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Jinlong DaiCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Chengyu ZhangCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Riwang YangCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Qianhui WuCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Qi WangCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Yi LiCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Qin WuCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Tianchao WeiCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Jianni HuangCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Teng HuangCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
Meilan MoCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Taiwan-I-type infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) has become one of the most dominant and threatening genotypes circulating in China poultry farms. In this study, we characterized the Taiwan-I-type IBV strain GX-NN200723 and evaluated its pathogenicity and vaccine potential. Phylogenetic and recombination analyses revealed that the strain shared the highest nucleotide similarity with the vaccine strain QXL87 and originated from a recombination event between CK/CH/LSC-99I (major parent) and TW2575/98 (I) (minor parent) within the S1 gene region. Notably, epitope mapping showed significant differences in the number and sequence of antigenic sites compared to commonly used vaccine strains (H120, 4/91, QXL87, LDT3-A), and these differences may largely account for the poor cross-protection and frequent vaccine failures observed in the field. Pathogenicity assessment in 7-day-old SPF chicks demonstrated broad tissue tropism of the strain, causing 30% mortality along with severe reproductive disorders, notably, testicular atrophy in males was observed for the first time in Taiwan-I-type IBV. Furthermore, an oil-emulsified inactivated vaccine (OEIV) developed from the GX-NN200723 strain induced strong humoral and cell-dependent immune responses. Protective efficacy was only evaluated against homologous challenge in this study, the GX-NN200723-OEIV group exhibited 100% survival, the mildest clinical signs, minimal pathological damage, and the lowest viral shedding among all immunized groups. These findings support the use of the GX-NN200723-OEIV as a promising candidate vaccine for controlling Taiwan-I-type IBV infection. This study provides critical insights into the evolution, pathogenesis, and immunization strategies against this economically significant poultry pathogen.

Indexed as

Coronavirus InfectionsInfectious bronchitis virusPoultry DiseasesTestisViral VaccinesAnimalsAntibodies, ViralAtrophyChickensEpitope MappingGenotypeMalePhylogenyTaiwanVaccines, InactivatedAntibodies, ViralVaccines, InactivatedViral Vaccinesgenome characteristicsInfectious bronchitis virusmale reproductive pathologyoil-emulsified inactivated vaccinesTaiwan-I-type straintesticular atrophy

Identifiers

PMID42035485
PMCPMC13155008

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.