Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42035160›Full record

ArticleVirology journal2026

Unraveling VP2 mutations in Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) associated with potential vaccine escape in poultry flocks in Shandong, China.

Bo Liu, Yanli Bi, Jinwen Xie, Haige Su, Lisanework E Ayalew, Qihui Luo, Lizhong Miao, Na Tang, Wubshet Ashenafi Kiros, Abdelrahman Said and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Virology journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Bo Liu *Shandong Binzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Binzhou, 256600, China.
Yanli Bi *Shandong Binzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Binzhou, 256600, China.
Jinwen XieShandong Binzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Binzhou, 256600, China.
Haige SuShandong Binzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Binzhou, 256600, China.
Lisanework E AyalewDepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada.
Qihui LuoLaboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
Lizhong MiaoShandong Binzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Binzhou, 256600, China.
Na TangShandong Binzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Binzhou, 256600, China.
Wubshet Ashenafi KirosShandong Binzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Binzhou, 256600, China.
Abdelrahman SaidGenetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. abdo.said@sickkids.ca.
Wenxiu WangShandong Binzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Binzhou, 256600, China. wwx1997@126.com.

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFD1802602-3Shandong Provincial Double Hundred Plan WST2018014 and WSR2023042Shandong Provincial Poultry Industry and Technology System SDAIT-11-16
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInfectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) remains a major threat to the global poultry industry, causing significant economic losses. Recent surveillance data indicate that genetically diverse strains of IBDV are circulating in different regions of China.

methodsIn this study, both commercial and backyard chicken flocks from Shandong Province were investigated for evidence of IBDV circulation using a combination of serological assays and molecular detection techniques.

resultsDespite routine vaccination, antibody responses were highly variable, with some flocks showing reduced maternal immunity while others exhibiting active seroconversion by 35 days of age. Many birds showed an abnormally low bursa-to-body weight ratio, with a significant decline observed between 18 and 35 days of age in most farms, indicating immunosuppression. RT-PCR detected IBDV in 68 bursal samples, most of which were classified as very virulent strains (vvIBDV) belonging to genogroup A3, while a smaller subset was identified as variant strains within genogroup A2 based on phylogenetic analysis of the VP2 gene. Comparison of the VP2 protein sequence with other Chinese strains revealed variations in key hypervariable region residues critical for antibody binding. Conserved markers of very virulent strains persisted, while the novel substitutions A222V and D279H emerged, neither of which is present in commonly used vaccine strains.

conclusionsOur findings highlight emerging IBDV variants with altered VP2 antigenicity, potentially causing vaccine escape and increasing poultry health and economic risks.

Indexed as

Birnaviridae InfectionsInfectious bursal disease virusPoultry DiseasesViral Structural ProteinsViral VaccinesAnimalsAntibodies, ViralChickensChinaGenotypeMolecular Sequence DataPhylogenyRNA, ViralSequence Analysis, DNAAntibodies, ViralRNA, ViralViral Structural ProteinsViral VaccinesVP2 protein, infectious bursal disease virusInfectious bursal disease virus (IBDV)Phylogenetic analysisVaccine escapeVery virulent strains (vvIBDV)VP2 hypervariable region (VP2_HVR)

Identifiers

PMID42035160
PMCPMC13255223

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.