ArticleBMC psychology2026
School bullying victimization, depression, and the role of school connectedness among junior high school students in Hong Kong: evidence from fixed-effects models.
Article in BMC psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSchool bullying victimization can lead to severe health consequences. However, less is known about the moderating and mediating factors of the association between school bullying victimization and depression, especially in Hong Kong. Therefore, we examined the moderating and mediating roles of school connectedness on the association between school bullying victimization and depression while controlling for unobserved time-invariant confounders among junior high school students in Hong Kong.
methodsWe employed two-wave follow-up data collected from junior high school students (Grades 7–9) in Hong Kong. We used the depression dimension of the Brief Symptom Rating Scale, the California School Climate and Safety Survey, and five items from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to measure depression, school bullying victimization, and school connectedness. We conducted fixed-effects linear regression and mediation analysis to answer the research questions.
resultsSchool bullying victimization was associated with reduced school connectedness (β = -0.080, 95% CI: -0.138, -0.021), and reduced school connectedness was associated with greater depression (β = -0.049, 95% CI: -0.078, -0.021). School connectedness mediated 12.86% of the association between school bullying victimization and depression. The moderating effect of school connectedness on the association between school bullying victimization and depression was not significant (β = -0.002, 95% CI: -0.005,0.001).
conclusionsInterventions aimed at alleviating depression of students who experienced bullying should assist them in reestablishing their school connectedness. When reestablishing school connectedness to cope with the detrimental impact of bullying victimization on depression, interventions should consider the overall school environment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.