ArticleBMC veterinary research2026
Epidemiological cutoff values of the novel pleuromutilin derivative PFAM and conventional antimicrobials against Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Guangdong, China.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAntimicrobial resistance in Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) severely impacts disease control in poultry. Effective management requires continuous monitoring of resistance trends and evaluation of new treatment options. However, the lack of standardized clinical breakpoints for MG hinders accurate resistance assessment. This study investigated the susceptibility of clinically isolated MG strains from Guangdong Province to established antibiotics and a novel pleuromutilin derivative, PFAM, aiming to establish an epidemiological breakpoint value (ECOFF) to distinguish between wild-type (WT) and non-wild-type strains.
resultsWe analyzed 135 clinically isolated MG strains collected from poultry in Guangdong Province. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of six drugs were determined: pleuromutilins (tiamulin and its novel derivative PFAM), fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin), and tetracyclines (doxycycline and chlortetracycline). Wild-type ECOFF values were established using ECOFFinder software. The standard drug tiamulin maintained high activity (ECOFF: 0.031 μg/mL), while the novel drug PFAM exhibited superior in vitro activity with a lower ECOFF value of only 0.016 μg/mL, making it the most active drug tested. In contrast, fluoroquinolones showed significant resistance, with enrofloxacin (8 μg/mL) and ciprofloxacin (16 μg/mL) both showing high ECOFF values. Among tetracyclines, doxycycline (1 μg/mL) was significantly more effective than chlortetracycline (4 μg/mL).
conclusionsThis study outlines the current resistance landscape of MG in Guangdong and provides the first reported ECOFF data for PFAM. The results highlight critical resistance to fluoroquinolones but confirm the sustained efficacy of tiamulin and the promising potential of PFAM as a superior alternative. These findings provide a scientific basis for prioritizing effective agents (tiamulin, PFAM) and restricting the use of highly resistant drugs (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin) in clinical practice.
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