ArticleBMC psychiatry2026
High-risk suicidality among depressed adolescent outpatients with non-suicidal self-injury: prevalence and correlates in a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- [Longitudinal relationships among anxiety, depression, nonZhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAdolescents with depressive disorders and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) often present with suicidal thoughts and behaviors in clinical practice. However, data on high-risk suicidality among adolescents receiving routine outpatient psychiatric care remain limited. We examined the prevalence of suicidality indicators and correlates of high-risk suicidality among depressed adolescent outpatients with NSSI.
methodsThis cross-sectional study recruited adolescents aged 12–17 years from the psychiatric outpatient clinic of Liuzhou Workers’ Hospital. Depressive disorders were diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria, and NSSI was defined using the proposed DSM-5 criteria. Suicidality was assessed using the suicidality module of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Chinese version, Version 5.0. High-risk suicidality was defined as endorsement of a past-month suicide plan and/or a past-month suicide attempt. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the 13-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Insomnia symptoms were assessed using an 8-item Sleep Disturbance Questionnaire (SDQ-8); an insomnia symptom score was calculated by summing three core insomnia symptom items (difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, and early morning awakening), which reflect core DSM-5 insomnia symptoms. We performed group comparisons and multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, and sleep score. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were modeled separately due to collinearity.
resultsA total of 100 adolescents were included (mean age 14.82 ± 1.31 years; 90% female). Past-month endorsement rates were high for wishing to be dead (93.0%), desire to harm oneself (95.0%), and suicidal thoughts (96.0%). Past-month suicide plan was reported by 57.0% and past-month suicide attempt by 30.0%. Overall, 61.0% met criteria for high-risk suicidality. Compared with those without high-risk suicidality, affected adolescents had higher sleep scores (7.52 ± 1.40 vs. 6.92 ± 1.55; p = 0.047) and more severe depressive and anxiety symptoms (BDI: 25.25 ± 6.94 vs. 20.38 ± 6.77; p < 0.001; BAI: 31.79 ± 12.59 vs. 23.69 ± 9.42; p < 0.001). In adjusted models, higher BDI (OR = 1.098, 95% CI 1.016–1.186; p = 0.018) and higher BAI (OR = 1.066, 95% CI 1.014–1.120; p = 0.012) were independently associated with high-risk suicidality.
conclusionsHigh-risk suicidality was highly prevalent (61.0%) among depressed adolescent outpatients with NSSI. Greater depressive and anxiety symptom severity were independently associated with high-risk suicidality, supporting the importance of routine suicidality screening and symptom-informed risk stratification. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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