ArticleBMC microbiology2026
Computational design of a multi-epitope vaccine against Helicobacter pylori targeting CagA, FliD, urease, and OipA with cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) adjuvant.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHelicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium with a characteristic spiral morphology, inhabits the stomachs of approximately half of the world’s population. This study aimed to design a multi-epitope vaccine against H. pylori using immunoinformatics approaches, targeting key virulence factors including FliD, CagA, OipA, and urease.
methodsA multi-epitope vaccine was constructed by linking nine immunodominant epitopes from FliD, urease, CagA, and OipA and the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) adjuvant. The resulting construct was rigorously evaluated through computational analyses to assess its physicochemical properties, structural stability, molecular docking with TLR2/TLR4, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and immune response profiling.
resultsNine immunodominant epitopes from FliD, urease, CagA, and OipA, selected based on overlapping predictions of B and T cell epitopes, were linked with CTB. Structural modeling and validation predicted a stable tertiary structure, while molecular docking revealed strong interactions with TLR2 and TLR4, key receptors of innate immunity. Molecular dynamics simulations over 100 nanoseconds (ns) demonstrated structural stability for both complexes, with the vaccine-TLR4 complex showing higher stability than TLR2. Immune simulations predicted robust humoral and cellular responses, indicating sustained immunity.
conclusionThis study successfully designed a novel multi-epitope vaccine candidate against Helicobacter pylori using a comprehensive immunoinformatics approach. These comprehensive in silico analyses suggest that the proposed vaccine is a highly promising candidate for combating Helicobacter pylori infections; however, further in vitro and in vivo studies are essential to validate its efficacy and safety.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.