A diagnostic model for discrimination between Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and colonization based on multiple parameters.

Qianyu Ye, Bo Xiang, Jufeng Pan, Xiaoqi Luo, Gang Huang, Peisong Chen, Wenbin Lin, Yili Chen

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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8 authors.

Qianyu Ye *Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat- sen University, No. 58, Zhong Shan 2nd Street, Guangzhou, 510080, China.

Bo Xiang *Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Jufeng PanDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanhai, Foshan, China.

Xiaoqi LuoGuangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

Gang HuangOrgan Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Peisong ChenDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat- sen University, No. 58, Zhong Shan 2nd Street, Guangzhou, 510080, China. chps@mail3.sysu.edu.cn.

Wenbin LinDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat- sen University, No. 58, Zhong Shan 2nd Street, Guangzhou, 510080, China. linwb7@mail.sysu.edu.cn.

Yili ChenDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat- sen University, No. 58, Zhong Shan 2nd Street, Guangzhou, 510080, China. chenyli3@mail.sysu.edu.cn.

Funding

Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province 2023A1515012526 & 2024A1515012332Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Supports Talent Projects 0720240122Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project 2024ZD0533100 & 2024ZD0533106

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Distinguishing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) from colonization (PJC) is crucial due to overlapping symptoms but different treatments. This study aims to evaluate whether peripheral blood parameters can serve as a non-invasive tool for distinguishing PJP from PJC. We retrospectively enrolled 174 patients with PJP and 61 with PJC from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (April 2022-March 2024). Peripheral blood parameters were analyzed and compared between groups. Normally distributed variables were assessed using Student's t-test, while non-parametric data were analyzed with the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. A diagnostic model was subsequently developed based on significant hematological indicators. Utilizing a significance threshold of p < 0.05, red blood cell (RBC) and lymphocyte percentage (Lym%), while excluding neutrophil percentage (Neu%), procalcitonin (PCT), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were used to build a random forest diagnostic model. The optimal XGBoost model achieved an AUC of 0.9991 internally and 0.787 in external validation. A web-based tool was developed to assist diagnosis. The findings of this study offer an effective tool for clinical practice, enabling physicians to accurately diagnose and differentiate between PJP and PJC, guiding appropriate treatment for patients.

Indexed as

Pneumocystis cariniiPneumonia, PneumocystisAgedDiagnosis, DifferentialFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProcalcitoninRetrospective StudiesProcalcitoninColonizationDiagnosis modelPeripheral blood parametersPneumocystis jirovecii pneumoniaRandom forest

Identifiers

PMID42034915

DOI10.1038/s41598-026-48520-4

PMCPMC13280478

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.