Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42034835›Full record

Observational studyJournal of clinical immunology2026

Three Doses and Six Months Later: Real-World SARS-CoV-2 Specific Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity in Children With Inborn Errors of Immunity.

Luana L T N Porto, Dina Yazji, Dana Unninayar, Hélène Decaluwe, Beata Derfalvi, Alejandro Palma, Thomas Issekutz, Tatiana Kalashnikova, Luis Murguía-Favela, Anne Pham-Huy and 17 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Journal of clinical immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors.

Luana L T N PortoThe Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Dina YazjiDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Dana UnninayarDepartment of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Hélène DecaluwePediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Beata DerfalviDepartment of Pediatrics, IWK Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Alejandro PalmaDepartment of Pediatrics, IWK Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Thomas IssekutzDepartment of Pediatrics, IWK Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Tatiana KalashnikovaSection of Hematology and Immunology, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Luis Murguía-FavelaSection of Hematology and Immunology, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Anne Pham-HuyDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Tamar RubinDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health, Children's Hospital Winnipeg, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Sneha SureshDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Julia UptonThe Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Nicola A M WrightSection of Hematology and Immunology, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Hugo ChapdelaineCenter for Immunity, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM) and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Emilia Liana FalconeCenter for Immunity, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM) and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Karina A TopDepartment of Pediatrics, IWK Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Manish SadaranganiDepartment of Pediatrics, and Vaccine Evaluation Center, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada, Canada.
Donald C VinhMcGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Lisa BarrettDepartment of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Sharon OldfordDepartment of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Marc-Andre LangloisDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Corey ArnoldDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Tinghua ZhangThe Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Tim RamsayThe Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Juthaporn CowanThe Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada. jcowan@toh.ca.
VISID study investigators

Funding

The Canada COVID-19 Immunity Task Force, Public Health Agency of Canada 2122-HQ-000073
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo assess the durability of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity following three doses of COVID-19 vaccine in children with inborn errors of immunity (IEI).

methodsIn this multi-center observational study, we compared SARS-CoV-2 specific humoral and T-cell immunity 24 weeks after the third dose of monovalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in children (5–18 years) with IEI and healthy controls (HC). Participants with IEI were categorized into predominant antibody deficiency (PAD) or non-PAD subgroups.

resultsForty-three children with IEI (26 with PAD and 17 with non-PAD; 16 females, mean age 10.5 ± 4 years) and 12 HC (7 females, mean age 14.1 ± 3 years) were included. Anti-RBD IgG and anti-S IgG seropositivity was 100% in both groups. However, geometric mean concentrations (95% confidence interval) were significantly lower in IEI versus HC: 1,349.0 (905.4–2,009.9) vs. 3,324.2 (1,762.8–6,268.6) BAU/mL, p = 0.03 for anti-RBD IgG, and 1,336.4 (938.2 – 1,903.5) vs. 3,320.9 (2,158.4 – 5109.7), BAU/mL, p = 0.012 for anti-S IgG. Neutralizing antibody titers against ancestral and Omicron BA.1, BA.4/BA.5, and XBB.1.5 were also significantly lower in IEI, especially among PAD participants (p = 0.001). In contrast, S-specific T-cell responses did not differ significantly between IEI and HC.

conclusionSix months after the third COVID-19 vaccine dose, children with IEI retained SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immunity, though antibody responses were attenuated, particularly among PAD cases. Importantly, spike-specific T-cell responses were preserved and comparable to HC. These findings underscore that, in real-world settings, children with IEI maintain durable SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular immunity—including memory T-cell responses—highlighting the benefit of vaccination and the potential for continued immune protection despite impaired humoral responses.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesImmunity, CellularImmunity, HumoralSARS-CoV-2AdolescentAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin GMaleT-LymphocytesAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19 VaccinesImmunoglobulin GChildrenCOVID-19 vaccineDurabilityInborn errors of immunityMemory responses

Identifiers

PMID42034835
PMCPMC13284020

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.