ArticleJournal of religion and health2026
Moral Injury Among Pakistani Lawyers: Measurement, Psychometric Properties, and Validation.
Article in Journal of religion and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The present research aimed to develop a psychometrically sound measure of moral injury for lawyers. In study I, deductive and inductive approaches were used to generate an initial item pool. Furthermore, the item pool was reviewed and finalized with the help of experts' opinions. In order to explore factor structure and ensure psychometric properties of the scale, a purpose sample comprised of lawyers (N = 226, mean age = 31, SD = 5.2) was recruited. Results indicated a three-factor structure of moral injury-betrayal, transgression, and value system conflict. Four items were retained in each factor: betrayal (1,2,3,4), transgression (5,6,7,8), and value system conflict (9,10,11,12). In study II, another independent sample was recruited to confirm the factor structure. The three-factor structure produced by EFA was found to fit the data with three-factor solution with initial item loadings > 0.40. The Chi-square value was 70.41 (df = 51), with CFI = 0.97, GFI .95, TLI = 0.96, RMR = 0.01, and RMSEA = 0.04. The alpha reliability of the overall scale and subscales was 0.78, 0.70, 0.82, and .74, respectively. Study III demonstrated evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Positive correlation of moral injury with pathological lying (r = 0.50, p < 0.01) and decisional fatigue (r = 0.49, p < 0.01) ensured its convergent validity, while a non-significant relationship with internet addiction provided evidence of discriminant validity.
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