ArticleBMC urology2026
Structured reporting of B-mode, color Doppler, and CEUS in testicular tumor assessment: a reader study with urologist ratings.
Article in BMC urology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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15 authors.
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Abstract
purposeStructured reporting (SR) offers standardized radiological documentation, enhancing clarity and reproducibility. However, its role in contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for testicular tumors remains underexplored. This study evaluates urologist-perceived clarity, completeness, and clinical usefulness of SR compared to free-text reporting (FTR). METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this retrospective, single-center study, 65 male patients with suspected testicular tumors underwent CEUS at LMU University Hospital. Reports were initially documented as FTRs by an experienced radiologist and later converted into SRs using Smart Reporting software. Four board-certified urologists independently assessed both formats using a structured questionnaire. Completeness, readability, trust, and impact on clinical decision-making were evaluated. Statistical analysis included McNemar’s test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, with α = 0.05.
resultsSRs significantly improved readability (97.3% vs. 10.0%, p < 0.001) and information extraction (98.8% vs. 91.9%, p < 0.001). However, completeness (56.9% vs. 60.8%, p = 0.427) and clinical decision support (85.7% vs. 84.9%, p = 0.152) were comparable. Trust in SRs was lower than in FTRs (4.92 vs. 5.22, p < 0.001), likely due to missing diagnostic parameters and retrospective SR generation.
conclusionsSR was associated with improved reporting clarity and consistency but did not outperform FTR in completeness or clinical decision-making. Interdisciplinary collaboration in template development and the integration of classification systems could improve SR’s diagnostic value. Future prospective, multicenter studies should assess real-time SR implementation and its potential impact on reporting quality, communication, and outcome-based endpoints in prospective settings. CLINICAL RELEVANCE/APPLICATION: Structured reporting in multiparametric testicular ultrasound including CEUS improved perceived readability and facilitated information access for referring clinicians. However, SR showed no clear advantage over free-text reporting regarding completeness or clinical decision-making. The lower clinician trust in SR highlights the need for clinically tailored templates developed in interdisciplinary collaboration. The broader clinical value of SR in testicular imaging should be confirmed in prospective real-time studies incorporating outcome-based and workflow-related endpoints.
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