Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42032662›Full record

ArticleJournal of cardiothoracic surgery2026

Pulmonary arterial hypertension caused by compression of the left lower pulmonary vein in children.

Li Chen, Cheng Wang, Jiachen Li, Lizhi Lv, Yongtao Wu, Gang Li, Guofeng Xing, Xiaoyong Jing, Zhimin Liu, Qiang Wang

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of cardiothoracic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Li ChenDepartment of Pediatric Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Cheng WangCenter for Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Jiachen LiDepartment of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2 Anzhen Street Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
Lizhi LvDepartment of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2 Anzhen Street Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
Yongtao WuDepartment of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2 Anzhen Street Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
Gang LiDepartment of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2 Anzhen Street Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
Guofeng XingDepartment of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2 Anzhen Street Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
Xiaoyong JingDepartment of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2 Anzhen Street Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
Zhimin LiuCardiac Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 North Lishi Rd, Beijing, 100037, China. liucory@163.com.
Qiang WangDepartment of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.2 Anzhen Street Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China. wq.cory@163.com.

Funding

Capital Health Research and Development of Special Fund 2024-1-2062
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo investigate, through four clinical cases, whether compression-induced deformation of the left lower pulmonary vein by the descending aorta is an etiological factor in certain cases of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in children. STUDY

designFour pediatric patients with severe PAH and left lower pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) due to external compression by the descending aorta underwent surgical repair under general anesthesia with hypothermic extracorporeal circulation. The first patient underwent patch augmentation of the left lower pulmonary vein using pericardium. The remaining three patients underwent left lower pulmonary vein reimplantation to relieve the compression.

resultsPreoperatively, following oxygen inhalation, the total pulmonary resistance indexed to body surface area in the first three patients was 11.7, 12.6, and 20.2 Wood units × m², respectively. Intraoperative observation confirmed normally developed left lower pulmonary veins with smooth intima and no intrinsic stenosis. Postoperatively, pulmonary artery pressure normalized in all cases. Computed tomography confirmed complete relief of the venous compression. Postoperative right heart catheterization in the first three patients showed indexed total pulmonary resistances of 8.6, 9.1, and 13.9 Wood units × m². All four patients exhibited significant symptomatic improvement.

conclusionsIn children with severe PAH of unexplained origin, impaired drainage of the left lower pulmonary vein secondary to compression by the descending aorta may be an initiating pathogenic factor. Surgical correction of this compression represents a novel therapeutic strategy for a subset of patients with idiopathic PAH.

Indexed as

Hypertension, PulmonaryPulmonary VeinsStenosis, Pulmonary VeinAorta, ThoracicChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMaleChildrenIdiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertensionLeft lower pulmonary vein compressionSurgical treatment

Identifiers

PMID42032662
PMCPMC13251278

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