ArticleBMC infectious diseases2026
Airborne infection control measures at HIV settings in India and potential areas for TB cross transmission.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundHIV-care settings are priority setting for the implementation of Air-borne infection control (AIC) measures to prevent cross TB transmission. Earlier Indian report on AIC assessment at HIV settings are limited only for few facilities. This national level cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess various AIC measures adopted at HIV-care settings (ART centre (ARTC) and Link ART centres (LACs)) in India and to identify potential high-risk patient care rooms for airborne infection transmission.
methodsA total of 95 HIV facilities were selected across 14 high HIV-TB burden states and various AIC measures viz. administrative, environmental and personal protective measures were assessed with the help of pre-tested checklist at these centres. Risk for airborne infection transmission in pre-identified rooms were categorized based on seating arrangements of patients and health-care workers and air changes per hour (ACH). Data was collected and analyzed by SPSS 24.0.
resultsMixing of HIV and TB patients was observed across 36/95 (38%) centers. A total of 488 patient care rooms ( 276 from ART centers and 212 from LAC) were identified for ventilation assessment. Both AIC and Biomedical Waste (BMW) trainings were conducted only at 7/37 (18.9%) ARTCs and 3/58 (5.17%) LACs. Overall across 9/37 ARTCs (24.3%) and 27/58 LACs (46.6%), the Designated Microscopic Centres ( DMCs) were co-located along with mixing of HIV and TB patients. Appropriate HCW-patient seating arrangement with respect to airflow direction was observed at 223 (46%) rooms and adequate ACH was recorded at 284 (58%) rooms. Out of all rooms assessed, 122 (25%) were classified as high risk, 225 (46%) as moderate risk, and 141 (29%) as low risk. In 61% high-risk rooms, cross ventilation was adequate, overhead vents were available but not fully opened and airflow was obstructed by furniture. Overall at 399 (82%) rooms, natural ventilation could have been improved further by removing obstructed furniture and or fully opening of overhead vents.
conclusionThough AIC measures adopted at HIV-care settings was suboptimal at the time of assessment, there was room for significant improvements by simple feasible measures. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.
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