ArticleBMC public health2026
Differential impact of South Korea's 2019 E-cigarette advisory on adult tobacco product use: an interrupted time series analysis by product type and subgroup.
Article in BMC public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn October 2019, South Korea’s Ministry of Health and Welfare issued a national advisory urging the public to refrain from using liquid-type/ electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) due to international concerns over vaping-related lung injuries. This study evaluates changes in e-cigarette use trends using nationally representative repeated cross-sectional survey data.
methodsWe conducted an interrupted time-series (ITS) analysis using age-standardized prevalence data on current use of cigarettes, e-cigarettes (2013–2023), and heated tobacco products (HTPs, 2019–2023) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. ITS regression models with Newey–West standard errors assessed pre-intervention trends, immediate level changes, and post-intervention trend differences. Subgroup analyses were performed by gender, age, region, and income. We also conducted sensitivity analyses using ± 1-year intervention timings and presented counterfactual projections.
resultsE-cigarette use had been increasing before 2019 (+ 0.43% points/year, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.75), and a decline was observed in 2019 relative to prior trends (–1.33 pp, 95% CI: − 2.54, − 0.12), with no significant change in trend post-intervention. Subgroup effects varied, with men (–2.35 pp, 95% CI: − 4.39, − 0.30), middle-aged adults (e.g. 40–49 years: − 2.94 pp, 95% CI: − 5.36, − 0.52), and low-income individuals (–2.65 pp, 95% CI: − 3.07, − 2.24) showing the largest reductions. No compensatory increases were observed in cigarette or HTP use. Sensitivity tests confirmed the robustness of results to alternate intervention dates.
conclusionsThe 2019 EVALI outbreak and the South Korean government’s advisory were associated with a decline in e-cigarette use at the population level, particularly among high-use subgroups. These findings suggest a potential role for timely public health advisories and risk communication in shaping behavior, even in the absence of binding regulations. The intervention illustrates how timely risk communication may contribute to measurable changes in health behavior at the population level.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.