Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42032373›Full record

ArticleMikrochimica acta2026

Development of a portable label-free electrochemical sensor modified with AuNPs/g-C

Fernando C Gallina, Igor G S Oliveira, Muriel A Rodrigues, Luís F Basso, Oswaldo C Junior, Beatriz T Marin, Robson S Souto, Leandro M C Pinto, Herintha C Neitzke-Abreu, Thalles P Lisboa and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Mikrochimica acta, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Fernando C GallinaFaculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
Igor G S OliveiraFaculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
Muriel A RodriguesFaculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
Luís F BassoFaculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
Oswaldo C JuniorSão Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil.
Beatriz T MarinSão Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil.
Robson S SoutoSão Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil.
Leandro M C PintoInstitute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Costa e Silva, s/nº, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil.
Herintha C Neitzke-AbreuFaculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
Thalles P LisboaFaculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
Marcos R V LanzaSão Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, 1100, São Carlos, SP, 13563-120, Brazil.
Willyam R P BarrosFaculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados - UFGD, Rodovia Dourados-Itahum, km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil. willyambarros@ufgd.edu.br.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The development and application of a lab-made screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with electrodeposited gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) for the electrochemical determination of uric acid (UA) is reported. The SPE/AuNPs/g-C3N4@CTAB platform was optimized to enhance its electroactive surface area, conductivity, and charge-transfer kinetics, as confirmed through scanning electronic microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, contact angle analysis, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Differential pulse voltammetry measurements demonstrated a linear response for UA concentrations between 50 and 600 µmol L⁻¹, with a limit of detection of 1.95 µmol L⁻¹, fully covering clinically relevant ranges. The sensor exhibited high selectivity against common interferents, as well as excellent stability and optimal performance at physiological pH of 7.0, consistent with UA dissociation equilibria. The application of the SPE/AuNPs/g-C3N4@CTAB sensor for UA detection in human whole blood, serum, and plasma samples showed promising results comparable to those obtained from standard enzymatic colorimetric assays, confirming the analytical reliability of the device. The computational analysis by DFT calculations demonstrated that the Eads of UA to the complete modified sensor decreased at − 0.23 eV when compared to the SPE/AuNPs/g-C3N4. This reduction provides strong theoretical evidence supporting the influence of the CTAB modifier on the UA detection mechanism. Overall, the proposed modified SPE platform provides a simple, cost-effective, and portable alternative tool for UA monitoring in clinical samples.

Indexed as

Electrochemical TechniquesGraphiteMetal NanoparticlesNitrogen CompoundsUric AcidCetrimoniumElectrodesGoldHumansLimit of DetectionNitrilesCetrimoniumGoldGraphitegraphitic carbon nitrideNitrilesNitrogen CompoundsUric AcidCetyltrimethylammonium bromideClinical sampleDifferential pulse voltammetryElectrochemical platformGraphitic carbon nitrideScreen-printed electrode

Identifiers

PMID42032373
PMCPMC13109136

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.