Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42032172›Full record

ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2026

Lethality Risk in Abusive Intimate Relationships Among Urban Black Women in Wisconsin During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Hanan A Abusbaitan, Anna Pirsch, Maria Graf, Lucy Mkandawire-Valhmu, Anwar Eyadat, Jeneile Luebke, Diane M Schadewald, Duo Yu, Peninnah M Kako, Leso Munala and 7 more

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Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Hanan A AbusbaitanSchool of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA. habusbaitan@oakland.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6388-7214
Anna PirschNursing program, Augsburg University, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Maria GrafCollege of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA.
Lucy Mkandawire-ValhmuSchool of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Anwar EyadatCollege of Nursing, Irbid National University, Irbid, Jordan.
Jeneile LuebkeSchool of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Diane M SchadewaldSchool of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Duo YuMedical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Peninnah M KakoSchool of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Leso MunalaSchool of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Kaboni W GondweSchool of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Anne DresselSchool of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Mary HearstSchool of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Jennifer W KibichoSchool of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Erin SchubertSojourner Family Peace Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Joni WilliamsMedical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Alexa A LopezSchool of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.

Funding

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Help Seeking of American Indian and Black Women Experiencing Intimate Partner ViolenceR01MD016388 · NIMHD · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE · PI MKANDAWIRE-VALHMU, LUCY · 2021 to 2024
$2.3M
NIMHD NIH HHS R01MD016388
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIntimate partner homicide is one of the leading causes of death for women, disproportionately affecting Black women. PURPOSE: To investigate the severity of lethality risk and its relationship with individual characteristics, experiences of discrimination, and mental health among urban Black women in Wisconsin since the start of COVID-19.

methodsThis analysis was part of a larger mixed-methods study. Women were recruited from community agencies in Wisconsin. Eligible participants could participate either in person, by phone call, or via Teams. Lethality was assessed using the Lethality Assessment Protocol (LAP). The experiences of discrimination were measured by the Experiences of Everyday Discrimination (EDS). Mental health and all other demographic variables were self-reported. The data collection was conducted between 2023 and 2025. Analyses were conducted using descriptive analysis, simple linear regression, and multiple regression. All analyses were conducted in SPSS version 29.

resultsData from 185 urban Black women were analyzed, with an overall mean weighted LAP score of 17.29. The overall regression was significant, accounting for approximately 5% of the variance in LAP scores. Experiencing discrimination at least once per year was significantly associated with LAP score (p < 0.05) when controlling for all other variables.

conclusionThese findings highlighted that the experiences of discrimination are a significant predictor of lethality risk among Black women experiencing IPV, underscoring the contribution of structural and social factors to health inequities. The study underscored the need to appraise victims’ experiences of discrimination within IPV risk-assessment policies and to integrate these policies into routine care, and it calls for further research on pathways to IPV homicide in marginalized communities. Further research is needed to better understand the pathways of IPV homicide, particularly among highly marginalized communities.

Indexed as

Black womenCOVID-19DiscriminationHomicideIntimate partner violence

Identifiers

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.