ArticleScientific reports2026
Offensive transitions in football as a decisive way to obtain goals in Top, Marginal and Emerging leagues.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Offensive transitions in modern football have been identified as a decisive moment in a game, as they offer a high potential for scoring goals and creating defensive imbalances. To investigate the impact of offensive transitions on the performance of different national football leagues, this study analyzed data from 1151 games belonging to nine leagues/countries, which were divided into three categories: Top, Marginal, and Emerging. The classification of leagues (Top, Marginal, Emerging) is used as a proxy for competitive context rather than a direct measure of tactical quality. A total of 3497 goals were scored in these games, and they were classified according to their origin, including: (i) non-offensive transitions (NT), (ii) direct offensive transitions (OT), (iii) set pieces (SP), and (iv) positive outcomes of offensive transitions (POS OUT). Results showed that Top Leagues scored significantly more goals from offensive transitions (mean difference of 0.28 goals per game compared to Marginal Leagues, 95% CI [0.14; 0.41], and compared to Emerging Leagues, 95% CI [0.12; 0.44], respectively) and exhibited a higher goal-scoring rate from combined offensive transitions (OT + POS OUT = 53%) compared to the Emerging (42%) and Marginal Leagues (43%). Furthermore, Emerging and Marginal Leagues performed better in terms of goals scored from non-offensive transitions and set pieces, suggesting the presence of specific characteristics in these leagues. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the differential role of offensive transitions across national football leagues and the systematic variation in their contribution to goal-scoring across competitive contexts. These findings indicate that offensive transition effectiveness varies systematically across competitive contexts, and that motion analysis technology and optical sensors represent methodological avenues for further investigation of the underlying tactical and organizational determinants.
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