ArticleBMJ open2026
Adherence to retinal screening recommendations and its associated factors among patients with diabetes in Ethiopian public hospitals: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo assess adherence to retinal screening recommendations and its associated factors among patients with diabetes receiving follow-up care at public hospitals in Ethiopia.
designA cross-sectional, institution-based study was conducted at public hospitals in Addis Ababa from 27 February to 27 March 2023.
settingFive of the fourteen public hospitals in Addis Ababa were selected for this study.
participantsA systematic random sample of 405 adult patients with diabetes mellitus (receiving follow-up care at public hospitals in Addis Ababa was selected. OUTCOME MEASURES: Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess statistical associations. Statistical significance between the outcome variable and independent variables was determined at a p value of less than 0.05 and a 95% CI.
result223 participants (55.1%) adhered to the recommended retinal screening guidelines. Factors significantly associated with adherence to retinal screening recommendations included being an urban resident (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.783; 95% CI 1.022 to 7.583), lack of formal education (AOR=0.242; 95% CI 0.100 to 0.589) and poor knowledge regarding diabetic retinopathy (AOR=0.281; 95% CI 0.171 to 0.462). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: Slightly more than half (55%) of the participants in this study adhered to the recommended retinal screening guidelines. Urban residence, higher educational attainment and good knowledge of diabetic retinopathy were significant predictors of adherence to retinal screening recommendations. Healthcare professionals should take a more proactive role in educating patients with diabetes about diabetic retinopathy and the importance of retinal screening, with particular emphasis on rural residents and individuals without formal education.
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