Trial reportThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2026
Duration and association with protection of NANP-repeat-specific and C-terminus-specific anti-circumsporozoite protein IgG responses following RTS,S/AS01
Trial report in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
27 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe RTS,S/AS01
methodsIn this observational study, we evaluated IgG responses to NANP-repeat, C-terminus, and full-length circumsporozoite protein constructs at five timepoints before and after primary and booster vaccination, in children aged 5-17 months from six African countries enrolled in the RTS,S/AS01
findingsBetween May 25, 2009, to March 5, 2010, 1292 children were recruited and included for analysis in this study. IgG levels declined more slowly for C-terminus than for NANP-repeat over 17 months after primary vaccination (geometric mean fold change 0·099 [95% CI 0·089-0·110] vs 0·055 [0·048-0·062]; p<0·0001). The booster significantly enhanced C-terminal IgG, exceeding post-primary peak levels (geometric mean fold change 1·98 [95% CI 1·77-2·21]), whereas NANP-repeat responses were restored but remained below post-primary levels (geometric mean fold changes 0·57 [95% CI 0·51-0·63]). Higher circumsporozoite protein IgG levels correlated with reduced malaria risk, particularly during maintenance phases, with stronger associations for C-terminus, which remained independently protective after adjustment for NANP-repeat antibodies (hazard ratio 0·60, 95% CI 0·43-0·83; p=0·0021). After boosting, maintenance but not peak IgG levels correlated with reduced malaria risk.
interpretationIgG to circumsporozoite protein C-terminus are more durable than those to the NANP-repeats. Antibody maintenance emerges as a stronger predictor of RTS,S/AS01
fundingUSA National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; PATH and Malaria Vaccine Initiative; Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; CERCA programme; and Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Empresa i Coneixement, Generalitat de Catalunya.
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