ArticlePloS one2026
Enhancing electrical conductivity of coal-derived graphite by boric acid catalysis: Correlating 2H/3R phase ratio with crystallite structure.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Natural graphite scarcity and conventional catalyst-induced defects limit the scalable production of high-performance coal-derived graphite. Herein, we demonstrate boric acid (H3BO3) as a green catalyst for coal graphitization by comparing with Fe2(SO4)3, FeCl3, FeS2, and H3BO3+FeCl3, with a focus on crystallite structure, 2H/3R polytypic graphite, and electrical conductivity. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that H3BO3 catalysis significantly elevates structural order, presenting a narrow and sharp (002) band, and increasing in-plane crystallite size (La), stacking height (Lc), and the proportion of graphite (fɑ) in the bulk sample. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR TEM) identifies graphite-like nanostructures and planar graphene nanostructure as the key contributor to electrical conductivity. A linear relationship between La and 2H/3R is established, associated with electrical conductivity, confirming the intrinsic correlation between graphite-like nanostructures and crystalline size. This work clarifies the feasibility of boric acid, providing a low-cost and efficient strategy for fabricating high-performance coal-derived graphite, which holds great potential for applications in energy storage and conductive fields.
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