Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42030162›Full record

ArticleCell reports2026

A Fkh1/2 binding site array in the WHI5 promoter drives sub-scaling transcription.

Jacob Kim, Shicong Xie, Lucas Fuentes Valenzuela, Jordan Xiao, Mike C Lanz, Xin Gao, Matthew Swaffer, Corbin E Mitchell, Seth M Rubin, Kurt Schmoller and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jacob KimDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Shicong XieDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Lucas Fuentes ValenzuelaDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Jordan XiaoDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Mike C LanzDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Xin GaoDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Matthew SwafferDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Corbin E MitchellDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Seth M RubinDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.
Kurt SchmollerInstitute of Functional Epigenetics, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
Jan M SkotheimDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address: skotheim@stanford.edu.

Funding

Determining how cell growth triggers cell divisionR35GM134858 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Jan M Skotheim · 2020 to 2026
$4.1M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM134858
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cells maintain size homeostasis by coupling growth to division. In budding yeast, newborn cells contain similar amounts of the G1/S inhibitor Whi5, which is diluted as cells grow in G1 to promote cell cycle entry. Similar Whi5 amounts at birth arise from size-independent (sub-scaling) WHI5 mRNA production during S/G2/M and equal partitioning of Whi5 at division. Although chromatin association explains equal partitioning at division, the basis of sub-scaling transcription remained unclear. By systematically mutating the WHI5 promoter, we identify a core region from -126 to -75 bp upstream of the start codon that is responsible for sub-scaling. This sequence contains a repeating array of binding sites for the Fkh1/2 transcription factor. Mutating these sites, deleting FKH1 or FKH2, or disrupting Fkh1/2 dimerization weakens WHI5 sub-scaling. Together with structural predictions and a mathematical model of cooperative Fkh binding, our results suggest that sub-scaling WHI5 transcription is regulated by a Fkh1/2 heteropolymer that binds an array of sites in its core promoter.

Indexed as

Cell Cycle ProteinsForkhead Transcription FactorsPromoter Regions, GeneticSaccharomyces cerevisiaeSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsTranscription, GeneticBinding SitesGene Expression Regulation, FungalProtein BindingRepressor ProteinsCell Cycle ProteinsFkh1 protein, S cerevisiaeFkh2 protein, S cerevisiaeForkhead Transcription FactorsRepressor ProteinsSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsWhi5 protein, S cerevisiaecell cycle controlcell size controlcooperative DNA bindingCP: cell biologyCP: genomicsforkhead transcription factorsG1/S transitionsize scalingsub-scaling transcriptionWhi5 dilution

Identifiers

PMID42030162
PMCPMC13288135

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.