Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42029997›Full record

ArticleObesity surgery2026

Residual Stigma and Internalized Weight Bias following Metabolic Bariatric Surgery.

Rebecca Puhl, Kyriakos Papasavas, Isabel Michalak, Yin Wu, Tara McLaughlin, Arit Esu, Darren Tishler, Pavlos Papasavas, Dale Bond, Devika Umashanker

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In one paragraph

Article in Obesity surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Rebecca PuhlDepartment of Human Development & Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States.
Kyriakos PapasavasDigestive Health Institute, Center for Obesity Research, Innovation, and Education, Hartford, United States.
Isabel MichalakDigestive Health Institute, Center for Obesity Research, Innovation, and Education, Hartford, United States.
Yin WuDigestive Health Institute, Center for Obesity Research, Innovation, and Education, Hartford, United States.
Tara McLaughlinDigestive Health Institute, Center for Obesity Research, Innovation, and Education, Hartford, United States.
Arit EsuDigestive Health Institute, Center for Obesity Research, Innovation, and Education, Hartford, United States.
Darren TishlerDigestive Health Institute, Center for Obesity Research, Innovation, and Education, Hartford, United States.
Pavlos PapasavasDigestive Health Institute, Center for Obesity Research, Innovation, and Education, Hartford, United States.
Dale BondDigestive Health Institute, Center for Obesity Research, Innovation, and Education, Hartford, United States.
Devika UmashankerDigestive Health Institute, Center for Obesity Research, Innovation, and Education, Hartford, United States. devika.umashanker@hhchealth.org.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionResidual weight stigma refers to lingering negative attitudes, judgment, and/or stereotypes that persist towards individuals even after they have achieved significant weight loss. This study aimed to identify the types of residual weight stigma reported by patients following metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), and to examine the relationships between residual weight stigma, internalized weight bias, and weight loss outcomes in this population.

methodsAdults who underwent MBS completed a one-time electronic survey at a post-operative follow-up visit. The survey included the modified version of the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS-M), history of experienced weight stigma, and questions developed for this study to assess residual weight stigma since losing weight. Postoperative body weight was recorded on the date of the survey.

resultsParticipants (N = 128) completed a one-time survey at 44.5 ± 42.6 months after MBS, and achieved total percent weight loss of 19.1 ± 11.0 after sleeve gastrectomy, 24.8 ± 9.3 after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 19.7 ± 13.3 after adjustable gastric banding, and 15.1 ± 11.0 after conversion surgery. Among the 128 participants, 33.9% reported being judged for "taking the easy way out" by losing weight through surgery and 26.1% concealed their surgery from others. While 57.8% of participants reported increased confidence based on how other people treated them since losing weight, 39.2% reported feeling more self-critical about their weight based on how others treated them since losing weight. Higher internalized weight bias was associated with significantly less total percent weight loss following surgery, controlling for surgery type (p = 0.003).

conclusionA substantial portion of MBS patients in this study experienced residual weight stigma following weight loss, and higher internalized weight bias was associated with less weight loss. The broader impact of residual stigma on weight loss and other patient-centered outcomes after MBS warrants further investigation.

Indexed as

Bariatric SurgeryBody ImageObesity, MorbidSocial StigmaWeight PrejudiceAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedSelf ConceptSurveys and QuestionnairesWeight LossBariatric surgeryInternalized weight biasObesityResidual stigmaWeight lossWeight stigma

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.