Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42029980›Full record

SynthesisNeurocritical care2026

Association Between Sex and Mortality After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Elise Beijer, Floor J Mansvelder, Romein W G Dujardin, Nicole P Juffermans, Linda J Schoonmade, Leo M G Geeraedts, Frank W Bloemers, Charissa E van den Brom, Patrick Schober

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Neurocritical care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Elise Beijer *Department of Surgery, Section Trauma Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Floor J Mansvelder *Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Romein W G DujardinDepartment of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Nicole P JuffermansDepartment of Intensive Care Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Linda J SchoonmadeMedical Library, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Leo M G GeeraedtsDepartment of Surgery, Section Trauma Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Frank W BloemersDepartment of Surgery, Section Trauma Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Charissa E van den Brom *Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Patrick Schober *Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. p.schober@amsterdamumc.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0814-081X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of trauma-related mortality. While male individuals are disproportionately affected, the influence of sex on mortality remains controversial, with conflicting evidence suggesting female advantage, disadvantage, or no difference. Clarifying this relationship is crucial for prognosis and sex-specific treatment. A systematic search was conducted on 4 June 2025 in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library without date restrictions. Observational studies reporting sex-stratified TBI patient mortality with sufficient data to derive effect sizes were included. Screening, full-text assessment, and data extraction were performed independently by multiple reviewers. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to calculate odds ratios (OR) for mortality in female versus male individuals, with subgroup and leave-one-out sensitivity analyses as well as meta-regression. Heterogeneity was quantified using I

Indexed as

Brain Injuries, TraumaticFemaleHumansMaleSex FactorsBrain injuriesMortalityNervous systemSex differencesTraumaWounds and injuries

Identifiers

PMID42029980
PMCPMC13369724

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.