ArticleClinical oral investigations2026
Voltage-tunable plasma-activated water: a strategy for combating peri-implantitis via dual-path biofilm disruption and vascular regeneration.
Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesPeri-implantitis therapy requires both effective biofilm eradication and subsequent tissue regeneration. This study aimed to develop a voltage-gated plasma-activated water (PAW) system with switchable bioactivities to address these dual needs and evaluate its efficacy for potential application in peri-implantitis management. MATERIALS AND
methodsPAW was generated using a dielectric barrier discharge system across a voltage spectrum of 33–46 kV. Its antibacterial activity was assessed against Porphyromonas gingivalis and multi-species biofilms on titanium surfaces, quantified via colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The pro-angiogenic potential was evaluated through endothelial cell viability, migration, and tubule formation assays.
resultsHigh-voltage PAW (46 kV, 30 min) achieved a > 6.0-log reduction of P. gingivalis and induced structural collapse of multi-species biofilms. In contrast, low-voltage PAW (36 kV, 15 min) significantly enhanced endothelial cell viability to 118.5% [116.8-120.2] (padj = 0.003), and accelerated both cell migration and tubulogenesis.
conclusionsThis study demonstrates that PAW’s biological functionality can be precisely tuned via modulation of activation voltage. The same platform can be switched between a potent antibacterial state and a pro-regenerative state, enabling adaptive bioactivity suited to the staged therapeutic requirements of peri-implantitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The voltage-gated PAW system presents a promising, affordable strategy for dual-phase peri-implantitis therapy. It offers clinicians a potential non-antibiotic tool to first disinfect implant surfaces and then promote vascular healing, which is critical for improving clinical outcomes in implant dentistry.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42029737What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.