ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2026
Optimized ultrasound extraction and cytotoxic activity against HeLa cervical cancer cells of total flavonoids of
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Methods: Total flavonoids were prepared from the roots of Results: The solid-liquid ratio, temperature, and ultrasonic power were identified as the key factors influencing flavonoid yield. The optimized extraction conditions were 80% ethanol, a solid-liquid ratio of 1:60 g/mL, 50 °C, 335 W, and 40 min, yielding 11.005 ± 0.663 mg/g of total flavonoids, which closely matched the model prediction. In HeLa cells, OFE reduced cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with the most pronounced effect observed at 48 h in both the MTT assay and Calcein-AM/PI staining. Annexin V-FITC/PI analysis showed that apoptotic cell populations increased with escalating OFE exposure. Mechanistically, OFE treatment was associated with reduced p-PI3K and p-AKT levels and increased cleaved caspase-3 expression. Discussion: These findings establish a practical UAE procedure for the preparation of total flavonoids from
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