ArticleJPRAS open2026
Clinical safety of a low-modification hyaluronic acid filler (MoD 2%) for facial rejuvenation.
Article in JPRAS open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The degree of modification (MoD) of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers reflects the extent of chemical cross-linking of native HA chains. Lower MoD values correspond to reduced cross-linker content and potentially more physiological behavior, but may also shorten filler longevity. Recent work on HA filler chemistry suggests that cross-linking intensity and impurity load contribute to delayed inflammatory reactions, nodules, and granulomas. Objectives: To evaluate the long-term safety and clinical performance of a low-MoD (2%) HA filler (Volonic Light, Volonic Co., Ltd., Korea) over 24 months, focusing on the incidence of granulomas, nodules, and delayed inflammatory reactions, as well as durability and patient-reported satisfaction. Methods: In this prospective, single-center, single-arm cohort study, Results: Across 60 patients and 24 months of observation, no clinically apparent granulomas, delayed-onset nodules, or persistent inflammatory reactions were observed at any time point. Early post-injection events included transient edema (24/60, 40.0%) and ecchymosis (9/60, 15.0%), which resolved spontaneously within 7-10 days. Conclusions: In this single-center, single-arm cohort (
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