ArticleJPRAS open2026
A retrospective population-based analysis of 19,640 pediatric and young adult males with gynecomastia.
Article in JPRAS open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Gynecomastia is the most common breast condition in pediatric and young adult males, yet large-scale studies evaluating its etiologies, risk factors, and management remain scarce. In adolescents, gynecomastia is most frequently idiopathic or obesity-related, while secondary causes are rarer. Persistent presentations may cause psychosocial distress and lead to surgical correction, though the optimal diagnostic approach remains controversial. We conducted a retrospective, population-based study of 19,640 males aged 10-25 years with documented gynecomastia diagnosis, extracting demographic and clinical variables including age, body mass index (BMI) Z-scores, family history, comorbidities, medication exposure, and surgical status. Reporting was in accordance with the STROBE guidelines. Most patients were idiopathic (74.3%), followed by medication-related (23.1%) and pathology-associated (3.4%). For patients with pathology-associated cases compared with other etiologies, the mean age and mean BMI Z-score were higher, and surgeries were more frequent (all
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