ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026
The burden of protein-energy wasting in children with CKD3-5D: an observational study.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is a critical complication in children with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet its burden remains poorly characterized in pediatric populations. This observational study aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical correlates of PEW in children with CKD stages 3-5D. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 170 children (aged 0-18 years) treated at Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2024. PEW was diagnosed using modified pediatric-specific criteria, which is fully aligned with the core nutritional assessment and management principles of the 2020 KDOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nutrition in CKD, requiring growth retardation (height SDS < -1.88 or growth velocity <10th percentile) plus two additional parameters (hypoalbuminemia, reduced intake, weight loss, or muscle wasting). Data on anthropometry, biochemical markers, three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls (standardized), and nutritional interventions (oral nutritional supplements, dietary counseling, specialist referral) were analyzed. A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to assess PEW as an independent predictor of height velocity after adjusting for metabolic acidosis, GH/IGF-1 axis resistance and CKD-MBD; Spearman correlation and logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the association between inflammatory markers (hs-CRP) and PEW. Results: The prevalence of PEW was 30.6%, increasing with CKD severity: 0% (stage 3), 25.9% (stage 4), 39.7% (stage 5 non-dialysis), and 20.0% (stage 5D). Hypoalbuminemia (73.1%) and reduced intake (73.1%) were predominant features. Short stature (height SDS < -1.88) affected 45.3% of the cohort. Dialysis patients exhibited lower PEW rates than non-dialysis stage 5 counterparts ( Conclusion: PEW is highly prevalent in advanced pediatric CKD, driven by inflammation and nutritional deficits, and acts as an independent predictor of growth retardation. Early screening and stage-specific, evidence-based dietary and pharmacological interventions in accordance with the 2020 KDOQI guidelines are imperative to mitigate morbidity, particularly for stage 5 non-dialysis patients with low access to standardized nutritional care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.