ArticleBiophotonics discovery2025
Noninvasive measurements of skeletal muscle hemodynamics using frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy: contributions from adipose and bone tissues.
Article in Biophotonics discovery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Significance: Noninvasive optical assessments of skeletal muscle perfusion and metabolism are crucial for studying muscle physiology. However, measurements can be affected by contributions from overlying adipose and underlying bone tissues. Aim: We aim to investigate the influence of bone tissue on frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) measurements of the human forearm using different data types (intensity and phase), source-detector separations (25 and 37 mm), and acquisition modes (single-distance and dual-slope). Approach: FD-NIRS data were collected on the forearms of 14 healthy subjects using a custom optical probe designed to regulate probe-skin contact pressure. Tissue blood flow and oxygen consumption were measured with venous and arterial occlusion protocols, respectively. Results: Experimental results for bone depths below 20 mm could not be reproduced by two-layer simulations, whereas they aligned well with three-layer simulations mimicking adipose, muscle, and bone tissues. Adipose tissue and bone contributions depend on data type, measurement mode, and source-detector separation. Conclusions: Both adipose and bone tissues may contribute to noninvasive FD-NIRS measurements of skeletal muscle, depending on tissue anatomy and data collection methods.
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