Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42027932›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2026

"Guide them to have a future orientation": qualitative findings in developing a reinforcement-based intervention to address alcohol use with American Indian emerging adults.

Katherine A Hirchak, Kellie Webb, Sharon Wagon, Kelsey Bajet, Allyson Kelley, James G Murphy, Kamilla L Venner

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Katherine A HirchakDepartment of Community and Behavioral Health, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States.
Kellie WebbTribal Healing Center, WY, United States.
Sharon WagonTribal Healing Center, WY, United States.
Kelsey BajetDepartment of Community and Behavioral Health, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States.
Allyson KelleyAllyson Kelley & Associates, Sisters, OR, United States.
James G MurphyDepartment of Psychology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States.
Kamilla L VennerDepartment of Psychology, Center on Alcohol, Substance Use & Addiction (CASAA), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The present study used qualitative research methods to assess interest in contingency management (CM; where incentives are provided after the return of an alcohol negative urine sample) enhanced with substance-free activities among emerging adults residing on a rural reservation. The research informs the future development and implementation of a clinical trial to address alcohol use among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) 18-29-year-olds. Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews and two focus groups were conducted at a rural reservation outpatient treatment healing center. Participant- relatives (i.e., study participants) were 18-29 years old and currently using alcohol or in recovery; family members of emerging adults who were currently using alcohol or in recovery; or Elders and healthcare professionals ( Results: Five themes were identified: (1) Importance of Culture and Ceremony; (2) Substance-Free Activities with Higher Levels of Enjoyment-Physical, Mental, Emotional and Spiritual; (3) Substance Free Activities: Barriers and Engagement; (4) Family Impact on Alcohol Use and Recovery; and (5) Views on Health and Recovery. Conclusion: Through community-driven strategies, frameworks and CAB guidance, a culturally responsive CM intervention was developed and is ongoing. This research provides a culturally informed process template for other Indigenous communities interested in addressing alcohol use among younger adults.

Indexed as

Alcohol DrinkingAlcoholismIndians, North AmericanReinforcement, PsychologyAdherence InterventionsAdolescentAdultBehavior TherapyFemaleFocus GroupsHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMotivationQualitative ResearchRural PopulationAmerican Indian and Alaska Native communitiescontingency managementemerging adultsqualitativesubstance-free activities

Identifiers

PMID42027932
PMCPMC13099775

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.