Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42027742›Full record

ArticleObesity pillars2026

Metabolic health phenotypes and cardiovascular disease among U.S. adults with central obesity: Evidence from NHANES 2011- March 2020.

David Kweku Aseda Donkor, Emmanuel Amoako Agyei, Samuel Prince Osei, Frederick Frimpong Opuni, Evelyn Gyau-Boakye, Maxwell Emmie, Adwoa Benyiwah Amoah, Sandra Agyenim Boateng, Dennis Dela Tsagli, Eunice Akomaning

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Obesity pillars, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

David Kweku Aseda DonkorDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wellstar Spalding Regional Hospital, Griffin, GA, 30224, USA.
Emmanuel Amoako AgyeiDepartment of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Samuel Prince OseiDepartment of Internal Medicine, Cape Fear Valley Medical Center, Fayetteville, NC, 28304, USA.
Frederick Frimpong OpuniDepartment of Internal Medicine, Nancy Powell Clinic, Konongo, Tebeso II, Ghana.
Evelyn Gyau-BoakyeDepartment of Pediatrics, Ga East Municipal Hospital, Kwabenya, WY 1895, Ghana.
Maxwell EmmieDepartment of Internal Medicine, Sekyere Kumawu District Hospital, Kumawu, B 29, Ghana.
Adwoa Benyiwah AmoahDepartment of Internal Medicine, Shai-Osudoku District Hospital, Ayikuma Rd, Dodowa, Ghana.
Sandra Agyenim BoatengSchool of Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Dennis Dela TsagliSchool of Public Health, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
Eunice AkomaningDepartment of Medicine and Therapeutics, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Guggisberg Avenue, Korle Bu, Accra, Ghana.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Central obesity is strongly associated with cardiometabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet CVD burden may vary by metabolic phenotype among affected adults. This study examined whether metabolically unhealthy central obesity (MUCO) is associated with higher CVD prevalence than metabolically healthy central obesity (MHCO), whether CVD increases in a dose-response manner with metabolic abnormality burden, and whether associations vary by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2011-March 2020, including adults ≥20 years with central obesity (≥102 cm (40″) in men; ≥88 cm (35″) in women). Metabolic phenotype was defined by four abnormalities: elevated blood pressure (≥130/85 mmHg or antihypertensive use), dysglycemia (HbA1c ≥ 5.7%, self-reported diabetes, or diabetes medication use), low HDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dL in men or <50 mg/dL in women), and hypercholesterolemia (physician diagnosis or lipid-lowering therapy). Participants were classified as MHCO (0-1 abnormality) or MUCO (≥2 abnormalities); abnormalities were summed (0-4) to assess dose-response. The outcome was self-reported physician-diagnosed CVD (coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, or angina). Survey-weighted Poisson regression estimated adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Among 11,657 adults with central obesity, 6,997 were MHCO and 4,660 MUCO, representing 128.4 million U.S. adults. Weighted CVD prevalence was higher in MUCO than MHCO (15.7% vs 7.3%). After adjustment, MUCO was associated with higher CVD prevalence (PR 1.48; 95% CI 1.30-1.68; p < 0.001). Each additional metabolic abnormality increased CVD prevalence by 29% (PR 1.29; 95% CI 1.21-1.38; p < 0.001). The association was strongest among adults aged 20-39 years (PR 3.89; 95% CI 2.22-6.81), despite low absolute prevalence. Conclusions: Among U.S. adults with central obesity, metabolic dysfunction is associated with higher CVD prevalence, with a clear dose-response relationship. These findings support phenotype-based cardiovascular risk stratification beyond waist circumference and emphasize early identification and management of metabolic abnormalities, particularly in younger adults.

Indexed as

Abdominal obesityCardiovascular diseasesMetabolic syndromeRisk stratification

Identifiers

PMID42027742
PMCPMC13099487

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.